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Glossary

What is Website Accessibility?

Making your website usable by people with disabilities — and protecting your business from lawsuits.

Definition

Website accessibility means designing and building your website so that people with disabilities — visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive — can use it effectively. This includes ensuring screen readers can read your content, all images have descriptive text (alt text), buttons and links can be navigated with a keyboard, forms have proper labels, and text has sufficient contrast against backgrounds. In many countries, website accessibility is legally required. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the US has been interpreted by courts to cover websites, and businesses — including small ones — are being sued for having inaccessible websites. In India, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 mandates equal access to information, and as digital adoption grows, accessibility compliance will become increasingly important. Beyond legal requirements, accessibility improves your website for everyone. Clear contrast, readable fonts, logical navigation, and descriptive links help all visitors — not just those with disabilities. Accessible websites also tend to rank better on Google, because many accessibility best practices overlap with SEO best practices (proper heading structure, alt text for images, clear link descriptions).

Why it matters

Why Website Accessibility matters for Indian businesses

Accessibility lawsuits are targeting small businesses

On Reddit's r/smallbusiness, accessibility lawsuits are a recurring topic. Law firms systematically send demand letters to small businesses whose websites don't meet ADA standards — targeting low-hanging fruit like missing alt text, poor keyboard navigation, and low colour contrast. One Reddit thread with 94 upvotes described a small business being hit for the second time. The cost of settling typically ranges from $5,000–$20,000 in the US. While India doesn't yet have the same lawsuit culture, the legal framework exists and enforcement will increase.

Accessibility overlaps with SEO and usability

Many things that make a website accessible also make it rank higher on Google: proper heading hierarchy (H1, H2, H3), descriptive image alt text, clear link text (not "click here"), logical page structure, and fast load times. A website built for accessibility is almost always a better website for everyone — it loads faster, is easier to navigate, and communicates more clearly. The effort you put into accessibility pays dividends across SEO, conversion rate, and user experience.

15% of the world's population has a disability

According to the WHO, over 1 billion people worldwide live with some form of disability. In India, that's approximately 70–100 million people. An inaccessible website excludes a significant portion of your potential customers. For service businesses in particular — clinics, coaching centres, government-adjacent services — accessibility is both a moral obligation and a business opportunity that most competitors are ignoring.

Real example from India

Website Accessibility in practice

A coaching centre in Pune had a website with small grey text on a white background, images without alt text, and a contact form that couldn't be navigated with a keyboard. After a rebuild that included proper colour contrast (WCAG AA standard), alt text on all images, keyboard-navigable forms with proper labels, and logical heading structure, the site became usable for visually impaired visitors using screen readers. As a bonus, their Google ranking improved because the alt text and heading structure also served as SEO signals.

How to improve

How to improve your website accessibility

1

Add alt text to every image

Alt text is a short description of an image that screen readers read aloud and Google uses for image search. Every image on your website should have descriptive alt text: "Dr. Mehta examining a patient at SmileCare Dental Clinic, Koregaon Park" not "IMG_3847.jpg" or "photo". This is the single most common accessibility failure and the easiest to fix.

2

Ensure sufficient colour contrast

Text must have enough contrast against its background to be readable by people with low vision. The WCAG AA standard requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for body text. Grey text on a white background (common on many modern websites) often fails this test. Use a free contrast checker like webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker to verify your text and background colours.

3

Make all buttons and forms keyboard-navigable

Some users cannot use a mouse and navigate websites entirely with a keyboard (Tab, Enter, Space, Arrow keys). Every link, button, and form field must be reachable and usable with keyboard input alone. Test this by pressing Tab through your entire website — if you get stuck or skip elements, those are accessibility failures.

4

Use proper heading structure

Your page should have exactly one H1 (main heading), followed by H2s for major sections, and H3s for subsections within those. Screen readers use heading levels to help users navigate. A page where everything is styled as a bold paragraph (instead of using proper H tags) is inaccessible. This also helps Google understand your page structure.

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